The heartbreak of the mothers of Palestine

The lives of hundreds of thousands of innocent civilians have been torn apart due to the devastating escalation of violence in Gaza, the West Bank and Israel.

Men, women and children are paying a deadly and unbearable price. At a scale that is unimaginable and growing far too fast.

ActionAid works with women and girls living in poverty, 80% of the population in Gaza were already dependent on humanitarian aid. The impact of this violence is truly heartbreaking on the people of Gaza. We are hearing devastating testimonies of the impact on mothers, who are desperately doing all they can to protect their families and children. Likewise in the West Bank – as violence grows there, the impact is immense.

ActionAid Ireland CEO, Karol Balfe, said: “As a mother of an almost four-year-old I cannot imagine what life is like for the mothers of Gaza.  It is a mother’s instinct to do everything possible to protect her children when there is a threat.”

What we are seeing unfolding in Gaza is heartbreaking. Not to know when the next bomb will strike. Not to know where the next food will come from. Not to know if your child will survive or when life will return to some sort of normality. Not to know what the future will be for your children.”

She said fuel, water and food is running out in Gaza amidst the continuous bombardment.

“The situation in Gaza is catastrophic for all 2.2million residents. The impact of the Israeli bombardment and blockade has been particularly harrowing for children, mothers and pregnant women.”

Here some of the mothers of Gaza and the West Bank share their stories:

Sabine is the mother of an infant born during the war. They have been displaced to the south of Gaza. 

I was displaced from Khan Yunis to a school shelter. I gave birth during war, in an atmosphere and circumstances that only God knows about.”

“Here there is no water, there is no food, there is nothing to drink, and there is no place to shelter the child.”

“I have my child who is seven days old, born in the war. We don’t have nappies, milk, or anything. We suffer a lot and there is no electricity even at night – the baby needs milk. We cannot provide anything for my child.”

“I mean the aid is very, very little that reaches us. We have been here for almost five days, and we have no bread. No one has brought us bread or anything. Our situation is very, very bad.”

“What did my child do wrong who is only a week old and has no milk or anything to drink?” “What did he do wrong?”

Somaya, a pregnant mother who has been displaced twice with her family since the bombardment on Gaza started, is now sheltering in a school in central Gaza. She needs to take insulin due to a medical condition.  She spoke to ActionAid about her worries.

“My children are screaming all night, while there is bombing on us. I am pregnant. On the 28th of the month, I am supposed to give birth, I will have a caesarean section. Where should I go?

“When the baby comes, it must be born in a clean place. Where is the cleanliness? Whenever I take a dose of insulin, with this heat, it seems that it spoils.”

“Every time I take a dose, I get dizzier. I must monitor my blood pressure and blood sugar. We are sheltering in a school now, where should I go to monitor it?”

“This water is salty sea water; we have to drink it because we can’t find clean water. We don’t know what to do.”

Noor, a mother in the Jenin refugee camp in the West Bank shared with ActionAid staff:

“To this day, some children sleep with their hands up. That is because, in the recent incursions into the camp, Israeli soldiers would barge into homes and demand all family members put their hands up in the air and surrender.

“Children, as a result, now subconsciously sleep with their hands up. They feel unsafe. Today, these boys and girls no longer feel safe in their homes.”

“They don’t feel the walls surrounding them are protecting them anymore. They are not protected, with no sense of psychological stability. All of this would affect the reality those children live, whether they are in school, or in their social life.”

“It also affects women who today feel that they need to handle this kind of crisis and situation, a situation that is very difficult and that affects their lives in general”. 

Another mother in the Jenin camp, who wanted to remain anonymous, told ActionAid staff that snipers took to the rooftops surrounding the camp. 

“They fire at everything that moves in the camp with the aim of killing. They destroyed almost 15 shops and many houses that were at the entrance of the camp to give space to their army trucks and military tools, they also destroyed the Youth Club, destroyed the roads and streets inside the camp, you know the camp has very narrow streets, they destroyed it all.” 

It was a nightmare, I couldn’t sleep for 27 hours, watching the kids and taking care of them, they would shout and cry every time they heard the sound of a bomb, on Sunday as the military airplane was bombarding, the snipers were shooting at anything that moves.”

“One of the killed was a man who was inside his house, actually there are five children killed the same way, inside or near their homes.” 

Farah, a mother who is also in Jenin camp,  told ActionAid of the increasing difficulties.

“Today, the women in the camp live in a state of fear, frustration and tension, especially the women who lost members of their families. Women in Jenin refugee camps tried to play a role in protecting themselves and their families under lack of international protection.”

“Mothers try to hide their sadness and injustice they experience to give more hope and provide small spaces for their children to live a quite stable and stable life.”

“This situation affects the economic and educational aspects of the life in Jenin refugee camp. Men cannot go to their work due to strict closure of West Bank after recent escalation against Gaza.” 

“They lost their livelihood and they become unable to cover the basic needs of their families. This is the most difficult situation where people lose everything”. 

Protesters holding End Fossil Fuels banner at a climate demonstration, advocating for renewable energy solutions.

Protestors at COP 28 in Dubai. Photo: Konrad Skotnicki.

Climate protest with diverse crowd holding signs about environmental action in a city square.

Belfast Climate Change March, 2019. Photo: Trócaire.

The Profit Driving the Crisis

Despite their overwhelming contribution to global emissions, fossil fuel companies continue to attract significant financial backing—driven by their enduring profitability. This is starkly illustrated by the case of ExxonMobil, the top fossil fuel investment held by asset managers based in Ireland. In 2023, ExxonMobil reported €33.63 billion ($36 billion) in profit. That is almost twice the GDP of Botswana (€18.1 billion) and nearly three times Namibia’s GDP (€11.5 billion).

Ireland plays a hugely disproportionate role in facilitating investments into fossil fuel companies like ExxonMobil. In 2023, the investments made into fossil fuel companies by investment managers based in Ireland generated an estimated 72.5 million tons of CO2e. This is more than the CO2e emissions for the entire country of Ireland—and more than ten times that generated by Sierra Leone.

The Global Human Impact

The climate crisis is here, now, and it is causing disproportionate harm in the Global South. In Bangladesh, rising sea levels and increasingly severe cyclones are displacing coastal communities, with projections indicating that 17% of the entire country could be underwater by 2050. The legally binding Paris Agreement on climate change explicitly acknowledges the importance of tackling private finance. Its three overarching goals are: keeping below 1.5C of warming; increasing adaptation and making finance flows consistent with low emissions and resilience.

This gives a clear mandate for action:  both tax reform and corporate regulation are needed to tackle financial flows, and both nationally in Ireland and at EU level, ‘polluter pays’ taxes are lacking and regulation of the financial sector remains weak and fragmented. While EU regulation exists, it is designed more to nudge investors toward more sustainable investment practices by increasing transparency and reporting levels than to enforce strict standards. And it is moving in the wrong direction: the recently passed EU Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive excluded investments; and now the EU Commission’s Omnibus legislative proposal threatens to undo the limited gains made on climate plans, as well as blocking future attempts for stronger action at national level.

The Risk of Inaction

Fossil fuel investment is too profitable to remain weakly regulated. If Ireland continues with its current strategy of encouraging FDI at all costs, and relying on weak EU regulation, we are headed for catastrophe. The Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change has repeatedly warned that every fraction of a degree beyond 1.5°C brings irreversible consequences: collapsed ice sheets, vanishing coral reefs, and extreme weather events that will make vast regions of the planet uninhabitable. And yet, companies are developing oil and gas fields that could push global warming beyond 2°C.

Our research found that 91% of the investments made into fossil fuel companies by investment managers based in Ireland were to companies that have plans for fossil fuel expansion like these. Ireland cannot afford inaction on this issue.

About This Research

The figures in this report regarding investment from Ireland are based on new research commissioned by ActionAid Ireland and Trócaire. In the paper, we uncover the scale of fossil fuel investment through Ireland, who the investors are, and in which fossil fuel companies they are investing.  We analyse the current regulatory framework and explain why it is inadequate—and moving in the wrong direction. And we make specific recommendations for change, which are summarised below.

Summary of Recommendations

Regulate the private financial sector
Ireland must end its outsized role as an enabler of destructive fossil fuel investment. Ireland should introduce a strong gender-responsive national human rights and environmental due diligence framework which includes the regulation of investors with respect to human rights and the environment and climate. The transposition of the EU Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive could achieve this if downstream activities are included and the Omnibus proposal is rejected. Ireland should prohibit investments in fossil fuel expansion and require investors to implement climate transition plans consistent with a 1.5°C climate limit.

Endorse the Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty
Ireland should endorse developing a Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty to curb fossil fuel expansion and commit to a fair and funded phase out of fossil fuels.

Support tax justice
Ireland should support bold and fair new global tax rules through the UN Framework Convention on Tax, should adopt all OECD BEPS measures, and should conduct an updated and comprehensive spillover analysis of its tax policy. Ireland should take coordinated action globally, at the EU level and domestically to introduce a range of new taxes to mobilise finance needed for climate justice, based on ‘polluter pays’ and social equity principles such as wealth taxes for the highest earners, climate damages tax on investors, fossil fuel production taxes and levies on aviation and shipping.

Finance a just transition
Ireland must also meet its fair share climate finance obligations under Article 9.1 of the Paris Agreement, and pay our ecological debt to the Global South. Ireland should support conditionality-free debt cancellation for countries on the front lines of the climate crisis, commit to a new UN Framework Convention on Sovereign Debt, moving debt negotiations from the IMF to the UN, and to a debt workout mechanism that is fully representative and fair.

Further reading